proxy_pass反向代理配置中url后面加不加/的说明
目录
在日常的web网站部署中，经常会用到nginx的proxy_pass反向代理，有一个配置需要弄清楚：配置proxy_pass时，当在后面的url加上了/，相当于是绝对根路径，则nginx不会把location中匹配的路径部分代理走;如果没有/，则会把匹配的路径部分也给代理走（这样配置在Nginx反向代理+负载均衡简单实现（http方式）也提到过）。
下面举个小实例说明下：
centos7系统库中默认是没有nginx的rpm包的，所以我们自己需要先更新下rpm依赖库
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1）使用yum安装nginx需要包括Nginx的库，安装Nginx的库 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm 2）使用下面命令安装nginx [root@localhost ~]# yum install nginx 3）nginx配置 [root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/ [root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# cat /var/www/html/index.html this is page of test!!!! 4）启动Nginx [root@localhost ~]# service nginx start //或者使用 systemctl start nginx.service 5）测试访问（103.110.186.23是192.168.1.23机器的外网ip） [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23 this is page of test!!!! |
一、看看下面几种情况：分别用http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html进行访问测试
为了方便测试，先在另一台机器192.168.1.5上部署一个8090端口的nginx，配置如下：
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[root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/haha.conf server { listen 8090; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } } [root@bastion-IDC ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html this is 192.168.1.5 [root@bastion-IDC ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload 测试访问（103.110.186.5是192.168.1.5的外网ip）： [root@bastion-IDC ~]# curl http://192.168.1.5:8090 this is 192.168.1.5 |
192.168.1.23作为nginx反向代理机器，nginx配置如下：
1）第一种情况：
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/; } } |
这样，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面
注意，终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy（即后面不带”/”），则会访问失败！因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了”/”
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[root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/ this is 192.168.1.5 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy <html> 这样，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/。p匹配的proxy目录不需要存在根目录/var/www/html里面 注意，终端里如果访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy（即后面不带"/"），则会访问失败！因为proxy_pass配置的url后面加了"/" [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/ this is 192.168.1.5 [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy <html> <head><title>301 Moved Permanently</title></head> <body bgcolor="white"> <center><h1>301 Moved Permanently</h1></center> <hr><center>nginx/1.10.3</center> </body> </html> |
页面访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy的时候，会自动加上”/”（同理是由于proxy_pass配置的url后面加了”/”），并反代到http://103.110.186.5:8090的结果
2）第二种情况，proxy_pass配置的url后面不加”/”
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service |
那么访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy或http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，都会失败！
这样配置后，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/就会被反向代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3）第三种情况
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/ 192.168.1.5 haha-index.html |
这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4）第四种情况：相对于第三种配置的url不加”/”
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy/ { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html 192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html 上面配置后，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahaindex.html 同理，访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/test.html就会被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/hahatest.html [root@localhost conf.d]# curl http://192.168.1.23/proxy/index.html 192.168.1.5 hahaindex.html 注意，这种情况下，不能直接访问http://192.168.1.23/proxy/，后面就算是默认的index.html文件也要跟上，否则访问失败！ |
二、上面四种方式都是匹配的path路径后面加”/”，下面说下path路径后面不带”/”的情况：
1）第一种情况，proxy_pass后面url带”/”：
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service |
2）第二种情况，proxy_pass后面url不带”/”
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service [root@localhost conf.d]# |
这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上”/”（即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到192.168.1.5:8090/proxy/
3）第三种情况
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service |
这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy会自动加上”/”（即变成http://103.110.186.23/proxy/），代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
4）第四种情况：相对于第三种配置的url不加”/”
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[root@localhost conf.d]# cat test.conf server { listen 80; server_name localhost; location / { root /var/www/html; index index.html; } location /proxy { proxy_pass http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha; } } [root@localhost conf.d]# service nginx restart Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart nginx.service |
这样配置的话，访问http://103.110.186.23/proxy，和第三种结果一样，同样被代理到http://192.168.1.5:8090/haha/
三、如下一简单配置示例
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只有当访问http://www.kevin.com/los/.....的时候才代理负载到http://192.168.10.24:50006/los/.... 和 http://192.168.10.25:50006/los/....上, 也就是说访问www.kevin.com域名, 只有在后面匹配los路径时才代理负载到192.168.10.24/25的50006端口的los路径下, 除此之外, 访问域名 www.kevin.com 匹配其他任何路径(包括/, 即http://www.kevin.com) 时都跳转到一个错误页面: [root@external-lb02 vhosts]# cat 80-www.kevin.com.conf upstream web-inf-80 { ip_hash; server 192.168.10.24:50006 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s; server 192.168.10.25:50006 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s; } server { listen 80; server_name www.kevin.com; access_log /data/nginx/logs/www.kevin.com-access.log main; error_log /data/nginx/logs/www.kevin.com-error.log; location / { root /opt/web-inf; index index.php index.html index.htm; } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root /opt/web-inf; } error_page 404 /404.html; location = /404.html { root /opt/web-inf; } location /los/ { proxy_pass http://web-inf-80; proxy_set_header Host $host; #proxy_redirect http://web-inf/ http://www.kevin.com/; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_502 http_503 http_504; } } 错误页面设置: [root@external-lb02 vhosts]# cd /opt/web-inf/ [root@external-lb02 web-inf]# ls 404.html 50x.html error.html index.html [root@external-lb02 web-inf]# cat error.html this is error page! [root@external-lb02 web-inf]# cat index.html this is error page! [root@external-lb02 web-inf]# cat 404.html this is error page! [root@external-lb02 web-inf]# cat 50x.html this is error page! |
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